AETHLON MEDICAL INC

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

RISK FACTOR SUMMARY

Below is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. This summary does not address all ofOther than disclosed herein, there have been no material changes to the risks that we  face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, and other risks that we face, can be fountors previously disclosed under the heading Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on June 26, 2025, or Annual Report, and should be carefully considered, together with other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC before making investment decisions regarding our securities.

Other than disclosed herein, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading Risk Factors in our Annual Report. The risks described in our Annual Report are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Inadequate funding for the FDA, other government agencies or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.

Federal agencies in the United States are currently operating under a partial government shutdown that began on October January 31, 20256, following the expiration of the most recent continuing resolution. Without appropriation of additional funding to federal agencies that have been effected, our business operations related to our clinical development activities for the U.S. market could be impacted. The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory, and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated as a result. In addition, government funding of other government agencies or comparable foreign regulatory authorities on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities, is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable. The Trump Administration has issued executive orders seeking to greatly reduce the size of the federal workforce, including through layoffs and severance packages offered to employees of federal agencies within the executive branch and independent agencies, including the FDA. Any such reduction in personnel may result in longer review times by the FDA and other agencies.

Disruptions and personnel turnover, as a result of leadership changes, the continued shutdown, staff reductions or otherwise, at the t the FDA, other government agencies or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. Changes and cuts in FDA staffing also could result in delays in the FDAs responsiveness or in its ability to review IND submissions or applications, issue regulations or guidance, or implement or enforce regulatory requirements in a timely fashion or at all. There is also substantial uncertainty as to how regulatory reform measures being implemented by the current U.S. administration, and other political developments, such as the continued government shutdowns or work stoppages, would impact other U.S. regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, SEC and U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), on which our operations rely. For example, the U.S. If a prolonged government has sshut down as of October 1, 2025 and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical employees and stop critic, either full or partial activities. If a prolonged government shutdown ooccurs, including as a result of reaching the debt ceiling or staffing changes, it cot could significantly impact the ability of the FDA and USPTO to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, the continued government shutdown could impact our ability to access the public markets and obtain additional capital in the future in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations.