Core Natural Resources, Inc.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report, including the risk factor set forth below, you should carefully consider the factors described in Part 1 - Item 1A. Risk Factors of Core Naturthe Company's Annual Resources, Inc.'s port on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 , as updated by any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-KQ. These described risks are not the only risks the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to Core Natural Resources, Inc. or or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect Core's business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

44

New or existing tariffs and other trade measures could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

New or existing tariffs and other trade measures could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, either directly or indirectly through various adverse impacts on our significant customers. During the last several years, the U.S. Government imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum and a broad range of other products imported into the U.S. In response to the tariffs imposed by the U.S., the European Union, Canada, Mexico and China have announced tariffs on U.S. goods and services. In February 2025, China announced a 15% tariff on coal and liquified natural gas products from the United States. In April 2025, the U.S. Government imposed tariffs on all imports with limited exceptions. This included additional tariffs on imports from China, and China again responded with a 125% tariff on the import of all U.S. goods. These aThese actions are unprecedented and have caused substantial uncertainty and volatility in financial markets. These tariffs, along with any additional tariffs or trade restrictions that may be implemented by the U.S. or retaliatory trade measures or tariffs implemented by other countries, could result in reduced economic activity, increased costs in operating our business, reduced demand and changes in purchasing behaviors for thermal and metallurgical coal, limits on trade with the United States or other potentially adverse economic outcomes. Changes in tariffs and trade restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice. The adoption and expansion of tariffs or other trade restrictions, increasing trade tensions, or other changes in governmental policies related to taxes, tariffs, trade agreements or policies, are difficult to predict, which makes attendant risks difficult to anticipate and mitigate. If we are unable to navigate further changes in U.S. or international trade policy, it could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Additionally, we sell coal into the export thermal market and the export metallurgical market. Accordingly, our international sales may also be impacted by the tariffs and other restrictions on trade between the U.S. and other countries. We cannot predict further developments, and such existing or future tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.