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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors described under the caption Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 20, 2025. Except as set for th below, the addition of two new risk factors as set fortre have been no material changes to the risk factors described in that report. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described in our Risk Factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations.
The risk factor set forth below, t updates the risk factor with the same heading in, and should be read togethere have been no materia with, the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
Third parties may assert claims against us alleging infringement of their patents and proprietary rights, or we may need to become involved in lawsuits to defend or enforce our patents, either of which could result in substantial changes to the risk osts or loss of productivity, delay or prevent the development and commercialization of our current and any future product candidates, prohibit our use of proprietary technology or sale of potential products or put our patents and other proprietary rights at risk.
Our commercial success depends in part upon our ability to develop, manufactors describeure, market and sell product candidates without alleged or actual infringement, misappropriation or other violation of the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. Litigation relating to infringement or misappropriation of patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology field in thats common, including patent infringement lawsuits, and such interference, derivation, report. Texamination, post-grant review, inter partes review and opposition proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark Office and corresponding international patent offices.
The occurrence of various markets in which we plan to operate are subject to frequent and extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. In addition, many of tcompanies in intellectual property-dependent industries, including the events or debiotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, have employed intellectual property litigation as a means to gain an advantage over their competitors.
Numerous United States, European Union and other internationally issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which we and our collaborators are developmeing product candidates. For example, we are aware of issued patents described in our Risk Factors could adversely in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions expiring in January 2034 and March 2042 that potentially cover certain parts of the intellectual property included in CTIM-76. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our current and any future product candidates may be subject to claims of infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties.
As a result of any patent infringement claims, or in order to avoid any potential infringement claims, we may choose to seek, or be required to seek, a license from a third party, which may require payment of substantial royalties or fees, or require us to grant a cross-license under our intellectual property rights.
These licenses may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. Even if a license can be obtained on reasonable terms, the rights may be nonexclusive, which would give our competitors access to the same intellectual property rights. If we
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affect ore unable to enter into a license on acceptable terms, we or our collaborators could be prevented from commercializing one or more product candidates, forced to modify such product candidates, forced to cease some aspect of our business, financial condition, operations, or be required to pay substantial damages to a third party, which could harm our business significantly.
We or our collaborators might also be forced to redesign or modify our technology or product candidates so that we no longer infringe the third-party intellectual property rights, which may results of operations and growth prospects in significant cost or delay to us, or which redesign or modification could be impossible or technically infeasible. Even if we were ultimately to prevail, any of these events could require us to divert substantial financial and management resources that we would otherwise be able to devote to our business.
Further, if a patent infringement suit is brought against us, our collaborators or our third-party service providers, our development, manufacturing or sales activities relating to the product or product candidate that is the subject of the suit may be delayed or terminated. In addition, defending such an event, the market price of our common stock couclaims may cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if successful, could cause us to pay substantial damages if we are found to be infringing a third-partys patent rights. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion.
These damages potentially include treble damages and attorneys fees if we are found to have infringed such rights willfully. Some claimants may have substantially greater resources than we do and may be able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation to a greater degree and for longer periods of time than we could. In addition, patent holding companies that focus solely on extracting royalties and settlements by enforcing patent rights may target us.
We may in the future be subject to third-party claims and similar adversarial proceedings or litigation in other jurisdictions regarding our infringement of the patent rights of third parties. Even if such claims are without merit, a court of competent jurisdiction could declinehold that these third-party patents are valid, enforceable and infringed, and you the holders of any such patents may lose all or part of ybe able to block our or our collaborators ability to further develop or commercialize the applicable product candidate unless we obtain a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or are finally determined to be invalid or unenforceable.
Similarly, if any third-party patents were held by a cour investment. Additional risks and uncertt of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of our technologies, compositions, formulations, or methods of treatment, prevention or use, the holders of any such patents may be able to prohibit our use of those technologies, compositions, formulations, methods of treatment, prevention or use or other technologies, effectively blocking our or our collaborators ability to develop and commercialize the applicable product candidate until such patent expires or is finally determined to be invalid or unenforceable or unless we or our collaborators obtainties not presently known to us or that a license.
Competitors may infringe our patents. In the event of infringement or unauthorized use, we may file one or more infringement lawsuits, which can be expensive and time-consuming. An adverse result in any such litigation proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated, being found to be unenforceable, and/or being interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing and/or could impact the validity or enforceability positions of our other patents. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.
Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation more effectively than we currently deem immaterial also may impair oan because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, may cause negative publicity, adversely impact prospective customers, cause product shipment delays or prohibit us from manufacturing, marketing or otherwise commercializing our products, services and technology.
Any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional funds or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business o, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The following new risk factors are added to those disclosed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Risks Related to Government Regulation
Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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The U.S. government has adopted new approaches to trade policy, and in some cases may renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements. The U.S. government has also imposed tariffs on most foreign goods and has raisethreatened the possibility of o imposinge significant tariff increases or expanding the tariffs to capture other countries and types of goods, including pharmaceutical products. Tariffs on imports from nations from whom we procure raw materials used in the manufacturing process, clinical supplies or other required products are likely to increase the difficulty and cost of our research and development, and/or could require us to incur significant costs to transition to alternative suppliers. Future tariff increases, expanding the tariffs to cover other countries or other changes in U.S. trade policy could exacerbate these challenges.
In addition, in response to these tariffs, other countries have threatened, announced or implemented retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods. Political tensions and uncertainty as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange, and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, which could in turn have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes to United States federal regulatory agencies may cause disruptions and delays in government approval processes and regulations relating to our product candidates.
On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order creating an advisory commission, the Department of Government Efficiency, tasked with eliminating regulations, cutting expenditures, and restructuring federal agencies. Any future government proposals to reduce or eliminate budgetary deficits may include reduced allocations to the FDA and other related U.S. government agencies. These budgetary pressures may result in a reduced ability by the FDA and others to perform their respective roles.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"), which oversees the FDA, has previously stated his intent to reform, downsize or restructure these agencies. For example, HHS has announced a significant workforce reduction at the FDA, and the FDA has released a plan to phase out animal testing requirements in preclinical safety studies. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, our current or any future product candidates may not achieve regulatory approval. Even if we are successful in achieving regulatory approval for one of more of our product candidates, such approval could be significantly delayed by changes at the FDA.