Harvard Bioscience Inc

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which could materially affect our business, financial position, or future results of operations. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial position, or future results of operations. The risk factors set forth below updates, and should be read together with, the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

We have received written notice from substantial debt, and our lenders have waived our non-compliance with certain of the covenants in our Credit Agreement. If we fail to comply with the terms and conditions of the waiver, or if we fail to comply with covenants in our Credit Agreement in the future, the Lenders may require the amounts outstanding thereunder to become immediately due and payable.

As of June 30, 2025, there was indebtedness of $34.9 million outstanding under the Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2025, we were not in compliance with the Refinancing Milestones and quarterly financial covenants contained in the March 2025 Amendment. Pursuant to the August 2025 Amendment, the Lenders and administrative agent agreed, subject to the terms contained in the August 2025 Amendment, to waive the Companys events of default under the Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the August 2025 Amendment, the Lenders also agreed not to test the financial covenants for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, provided that the Company continues to comply with its payment obligations, maintain minimum liquidity (defined as the sum of (a) unrestricted cash and (b) the amount by which the aggregate amount committed under the Companys revolving credit facility exceeds the total amount drawn under the credit facility) of $3.0 million and provides the administrative agent with certain financial reports. In connection with the August 2025 Amendment, the Company has also agreed to accomplish steps towards the Refinancing or repayment of the Credit Agreement by no later than December 5, 2025. The failure to accomplish such steps shall constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement.

If we are not able to comply with the terms and conditions of the August 2025 Amendment, or if we are otherwise unable to maintain compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement, as amended, in addition to other actions the Lenders may require, the amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement may become immediately due and payable. There can be no assurance that the Lenders will not take action to collect payment of our debt or dispose of collateral securing the debt. Our cash flow and existing capital resources may be insufficient to repay our debt, in which such case prior thereto we would have to repay, refinance and or restructure the obligations under the Credit Agreement, including with proceeds from the sale of assets, and additional equity or debt capital. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining such extension, or entering into such repayment, refinance or restructure prior to maturity or acceleration of repayment, the Lenders could foreclose against their collateral or seek other remedies, which would jeopardize our ability to continue our current operations.

We have received written notice from Nasdaq that we are not in compliance with Nasdaqs minimum bid price requirements and if we are unable to regain compliance with Nasdaq continued listing standards, which may require effecting a reverse stock split of our common stock, we could be delisted from Nasdaq, which would negatively impact our business, our ability to raise capital, and the market price and liquidity of our common stock.

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The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq) Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) requires that securities listed on The Nasdaq Global Market maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the Minimum Bid Price Requirement), and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of thirty (30) consecutive business days.

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On April 4, 2025, the Company received written notice (the Notification Letter) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that, based on the closing bid price of the Companys common stock for the thirty (30) consecutive business days from February 21, 2025 to April 3, 2025, the Company no longer meets the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. The Notification Letter had no immediate effect on the listing of the Companys common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market. The Company has been provided an initial compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until October 1, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. During the compliance period, the Companys shares of common stock will continue to be listed and traded on The Nasdaq Global Market

There is no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance, the bid price of the Companys common stock must have a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days. If the Company does not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by October 1, 2025, the Company may be eligible to transfer from The Nasdaq Global Market to the Nasdaq Capital Market and seek an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. To qualify for such transfer, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and would need to provide written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. However, if it appears to the staff of Nasdaq (the Staff) that the Company will not be able to cure the Minimum Bid Price Requirement deficiency, or if the Company is otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq would notify the Company that its securities would be subject to delisting. In the event of such a notification, the Company may appeal the Staffs determination to delist its securities, but there can be no assurance the Staff would grant the Companys request for continued listing.

The Company intends to actively monitor the bid price for its common stock and will consider available options, including effecting a reverse stock split, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Our ability to take action and the effect of any of our actions, including seeking stockholder approval for and effecting a reverse stock split, on the market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with certainty, and the history of the impact of similar measures for companies in like circumstances is varied. For example, it is possible that the per share price of the common stock after a reverse stock split will not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of the common stock outstanding resulting from the reverse stock split, effectively reducing our market capitalization, and there can be no assurance that the market price per post-reverse split share will either exceed or remain in excess of the required minimum bid price for a sustained period of time. The market price of our common stock may vary based on other factors that are unrelated to the number of shares outstanding, including the Companys future performance.

If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, it could adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through public or private sales of equity securities, could significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and could negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock. Delisting could also have other negative impacts, including the potential loss of confidence by our employees and customers, the loss of investor and analyst interest in the Company and in our common stock and fewer business development opportunities for the Company.