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KEY INFORMATION 6 ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON LINEAR MINERALS CORP. 11 ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 3524 ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 3524 ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 4430 ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 4938 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 5039 ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING 540 ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 541 ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 650 ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES 650 ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES 650 ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 6150 ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 6150 ITEM 16. [RESERVED] 6251 ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 6251 ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS 6251 ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 652 ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES 652 ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS 652 ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANTS CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT 652 ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 652 ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE 652 ITEM 16I DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS 52 ITEM 16J INSIDER TRADING POLICIES 52 ITEM 16K CYBERSECURITY 53 ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6253 ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 653 ITEM 19. EXHIBITS 6354
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PART 1
ITEM 1. | identity of DIRECTORS, SENIOR management and advisers |
| A. | Directors and Senior Management |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
| B. | Advisors |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
| C. | Auditor |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
ITEM 2. | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
ITEM 3. | KEY INFORMATION |
| A. | Selected Financial Data |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
| B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
| C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
This Form 20-F is being filed as an annual report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and as such, there is no requirement to provide any information under this item.
| D. | Risk Factors |
The following is a brief discussion of those distinctive or special characteristics of the Companys operations and industry which may have a material impact on Linear Minerals s financial performance.
Readers should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before deciding whether to invest in shares of the Companys common stock.
Financial Risk Factors
Linear MineralsThe Company has no source of producing mineral properating cash flow, has a history of oties, generates no operating lossesrevenue and has no assets of any significance with positive financial statement carrying valudepends on external financing to fund its exploration and administrative activities. The Company has no revenues from operations and all of its mineral property interests are in the exploration stage. The Company will not receive revenues from operations at any time in the near future, and the Company has no prior years history of earnings or cash flow. The Company has not paid dividends on its shares at any time since incorporation and does not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. The Companys financial statements have been prepared assuming it will continue on a going-concern basis. Should funding not be obtained, this assumption will change and the Companys assets may be written down to realizable values. The Company has incurred losses since inception (deficit at March 31, 20256, is $59,492,70162,176,224), which casts doubt on the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The Company has no revenue other than interest income. A mining project can typically require ten years or more between discovery, definition, development and construction and as a result, no production revenue is expected from any of the Companys exploration properties in the near future. All of the Companys short to medium-term operating and exploration expenses must be paid from its existing cash position or external financing. At March 31, 20256, the Company had working capital deficit of $311,693,657,582, compared to working capital of $311,678,09093 at March 31, 20245. Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities.
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Linear Minerals may be unable to obtain the funds necessary to expand exploration. The Companys operations consist, almost exclusively, of cash consuming activities given that all of its mineral projects are in the early exploration stage. The Company will need to receive additional equity capital or other funding from the joint venture of one or more properties or the sale of one or more properties for the next year, and failing that, may cease to be economically viable. To date, the only sources of funds that have been available to the Company are the sale of equity capital or the offering by the Company of an interest in its properties to be earned by another party or parties carrying out further development thereof.
The Company does not have sufficientwill need to raise additional financial resourcesng as the Companys current assets are not sufficient to fundinance its operations for the balance of fiscal 2025and administrative expenses. The Company has been successful in the past in obtaininis evaluating financing through the sale of equity securitiesoptions including, but as an exploration stage company, it isnot limited to, the issuance often difficult to obtain ad additional equate financing when required, and it iity and debt. The Company has not necessarily the cas assurance that the terms of ssuch financings will be favouravailable. If the Company or be available on fails to obtain additionalvourable terms. Factors that could affect the availability of financing on a timely basis, include the Company could s perforfeit itmance (as mineral property interests, dilute its inteeasured by numerous factors including the progress and results inof its properties, sell one or more projects), the state of international debt and equity markets, investor pertieceptions and expectations and/or reduce or terminate operations the global financial and metals markets. In addition to evaluating financing options, the Company has also implemented cost savings measures.
The Company is continuously reviewing strategies for private placement equity financings as well as other forms of financing that would carry the Company through the next fiscal year. If a private equity financing were to be completed, it is expected that warrants may be included in the securities offered. Any such financings will result in dilution of existing shareholders.
Volatile metal prices and external market conditions can cause significant changes in the Companys share price because as the prices of metals increase or decrease, the economic viability of the mineral properties is affected. The Company has no history of mining or current source of revenue. The Company is exploring for metals and historically, the prices of the common shares of junior exploration companies are very volatile. This volatility may be partly attributed to the volatility of metal prices, and also to the success or failure of the Companys exploration programs. Market, financial and economic factors not directly related to mining activities can also affect the Companys ability to raise equity financing.
Fluctuations in financial markets can negatively impact the Companys ability to achieve sufficient funding.
Over the last decade there have been periods of significant volatility in world financial markets. The volatility can negatively impact the Companys ability to raise sufficient equity financing to sustain operations. Future financial market volatility is likely and it should not be assumed that adequate funding will be available to the Company in amounts or at times when it is required.
Risks Associated with Mineral Exploration
Linear Minerals exploration efforts may be unsuccessful in locating viable mineral resources. Resource exploration is a speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks, including, among other things, unprofitable efforts resulting not only from the failure to discover mineral deposits but also from finding mineral deposits, which, though present, are insufficient in quantity and/or quality to return a profit from production.
There is no certainty that expenditures to be made by the Company on the exploration of its properties and prospects as described herein will result in discoveries of mineralized material in commercial quality and quantities.
Mineral Resource Estimates Are Only Estimates and May Not Reflect the Actual Deposits or the Economic Viability of Extraction. AlthoughIf the Company carefully prepares itestablishes mineral resource figuress in the future, such figures are esestimates only and no assurance can be given that the indicated tonnageswill be subject to significant uncertainty and may require revision as additional exploration and grade will be achievedtechnical information becomes available. There is significant uncertainty in any mineral resource estimate. Estimates of inferred resources are the least certain of the resource categories and there is no assurance that such resources can or will be upgraded to another category of resource, or that further exploration will confirm or validate such estimates. Actual deposits encountered and the economic viability of, and returns from, a deposit (if mined) may differ materially from estimates disclosed by the Company or implied by estimates of mineral resources. The estimating of mineral resources is a subjective process and the accuracy of mineral resource estimates is a function of the quantity and quality of available data, the accuracy of statistical computations, and the assumptions used and judgments made in interpreting engineering and geological information. Mineral resource estimates are based on many things, including assumed commodity prices, continuity of mineralization, tonnage and grade of mineralization, metallurgy, estimated mineral recovery rates, cost of capital, mine development costs, operating costs, and exchange rates. Changes in assumptions may result in a significant reduction
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in the reported mineral resources and thereby have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations and financial condition.
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Estimated mineral resources may also require downward revisions based on changes in metal prices and further exploration or development activity. This could materially and adversely affect estimates of the tonnage or grade of mineralization, estimated recovery rates or other important factors that influence mineral resource and reserve of estimates. Any reduction in estimated mineral reserves or estimated resources as a result could require material write downs in investment in the affected mining property, which could have a material and adverse effect on the Companys results of operations and financial condition.
The Company has not established the presence of any proven and probable reserves at any of its mineral properties. There can be no assurance that subsequent testing or future studies will establish proven and probable reserves on the Companys properties. The failure to establish proven and probable reserves could severely restrict the Companys ability to successfully implement its strategies for long-term growth.
There is Uncertainty Relating to Mineral Resources. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Due to the uncertainty, which may attach to inferred mineral resources, there is no assurance that inferred mineral resources will be upgraded to indicated and measured mineral resources as a result of continued exploration. If mineral resources are not upgraded to proven and probable mineral reserves, it could materially and adversely affect and/or restrict the Companys ability to successfully implement its strategies for long-term growth.
Linear Minerals may not be able to market minerals if any are acquired or discovered by the Company due to factors beyond the control of the Company. The marketability of minerals that could in the future be acquired or discovered by the Company may be affected by numerous factors which are beyond the control of the Company and which cannot be accurately predicted, such as market fluctuations, the proximity and capacity of milling facilities, mineral markets and processing equipment, and such other factors as government regulation, including regulation relating to royalties, allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection, the combination of which factors may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on investment capital.
Environmental and Regulatory Risk Factors
Compliance with environmental regulations could affect future profitability and timeliness of operations. The current and anticipated future operations of the Company require permits from various federal, territorial and local governmental authorities. Companies engaged in the exploration and development of mines and related facilities must comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits.
The Companys exploration activities are subject to various laws governing land use, the protection of the environment, prospecting, development, commodity prices, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupational safety and health, waste disposal, toxic substances, mine safety and other matters. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with all material laws and regulations which currently apply to its activities. The Company may be unable to obtain all permits required for exploration and development, and the costs of obtaining these permits may not be commercially reasonable. Existing laws and regulations may be modified, which could have an adverse effect on any exploration project that the Company might undertake.
Failure to comply with environmental and reclamation rules could result in penalties. The Companys activities are subject to laws and regulations controlling not only mineral exploration and exploitation activities but also the possible effects of such activities upon the environment. Environmental legislation may change and make mining uneconomic or result in significant environmental or reclamation costs. Environmental legislation provides for restrictions and prohibitions and a breach of environmental legislation may result in the imposition of fines and penalties or the suspension or closure of operations. In addition, certain types of operations require the submission of environmental impact statements and approval thereof by government authorities. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner that may mean stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their directors, officers, and employees. Permits from a variety of regulatory authorities are required for many aspects of mineral exploitation activities, including closure and reclamation. Future environmental legislation could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions, liabilities, and delays in the development of the Companys properties, the extent of which cannot be predicted. In the context of environmental permits, including the approval of closure and reclamation plans, the Company must comply with standards, laws, and regulations that may entail costs
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and delays, depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted and how stringently the regulations are implemented by the permitting authority. The Company does not maintain environmental liability insurance.
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may
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include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. The Company has been involved in the exploration of mineral properties for many years. Currently, the operations of the Company have been limited to exploration, and no mining activity has yet been undertaken. The mining industry is heavily regulated in North America, where the Company has its operations, so that permitting is required before any work is undertaken where there is any form of land disturbance. To date, land disturbance has been minimal and all required reclamation has been completed.
Other Risk Factors
Linear Minerals is dependent on its ability to recruit and retain key personnel. The success of the activities of the Company is dependent to a significant extent on the efforts and abilities of its management. Investors must be willing to rely to a significant extent on their discretion and judgment. The Company has relied on and will continue to rely on consultants and others for exploration, development and technical expertise. The ability of the Company to retain key personnel and its ability to continue to pay for services are dependent upon the ability of the Company to obtain adequate financing to continue operating as a going concern.
Linear Minerals title to mineral property interests may be challenged. Although the Company has done a review of titles to its mineral interests, it has not obtained title insurance with respect to its properties and there is no guarantee of title. The Companys mineral properties may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers or native land claims, and title may be affected by undetected defects. The Companys Canadian mineral property interests consist of mineral claims, which have not been surveyed, and therefore the precise area and location of such claims or rights may be in doubt. As there are unresolved native land claim issues in British Columbia, the Companys properties and prospects in this jurisdiction may be affected in the future. The Companys mineral properties in British Columbia are early-stage exploration and have no known mineral resources or reserves.
Linear Minerals directors and officers serve as directors and/or officers of other publicly traded junior resource companies. Some of the directors and officers of the Company serve as officers and/or directors of other resource exploration companies and are engaged and will continue to be engaged in the search for additional resource opportunities on their own behalf and on behalf of other companies, and situations may arise where these directors and officers will be in direct competition with the Company. Such potential conflicts, if any, will be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of British Columbia corporate and common law. In order to avoid the possible conflict of interest which may arise between the directors and officers duties to the Company and their duties to the other companies on whose boards they serve, the directors and officers of the Company expect that participation in exploration prospects offered to the directors or officers will be allocated among or between the various companies that they serve on the basis of prudent business judgement and the relative financial abilities and needs of the companies.
Linear Minerals may not be able to einsure against certain risks which could negatively impact the Companys operating results. In the course of exploration, development and production of mineral properties, certain risks, and in particular unanticipated geological and operating conditions as well as fires, explosions, flooding, earthquakes, power outages, labour disruptions, and the inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment or labour may occur. It is not always possible to fully insure against such risks and the Company may decide not to take out insurance against such risks as a result of high premiums or other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate any future profitability and result in increasing costs and a decline in the value of the securities of the Company.
U.S. investors may not be able to enforce their civil liabilities against the Company or its directors, controlling persons and officers. It may be difficult for U.S. investors to bring and enforce suits against the Company. The Company is a corporation incorporated in British Columbia under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and, consequently, there is a risk that Canadian courts may not enforce judgements of U.S. courts or enforce, in an original action, liabilities directly predicated upon the U.S. federal securities laws. The Companys directors and officers are residents of Canada or other countries other than the United States and all of the Companys assets are located outside of the United States. Consequently, it may be difficult for United States investors to affect service of process upon those directors or officers who are not residents of the United States, or to realize in the United States upon judgements of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities under United States securities laws. It is unlikely that an original action could be brought successfully in Canada against any of such persons or the Company predicated solely upon such civil liabilities under U.S. securities laws.
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Risks Relating to an Investment in the Securities of the Company
Linear Minerals could be deemed a Passive Foreign Investment Company which could have negative consequences for U.S. Holders. Potential investors who are U.S. Holders (defined below) should be aware that the Company expects to be a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for the current fiscal year, may have been a PFIC in
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prior fiscal years and may continue to be a PFIC in subsequent years. If the Company were to be treated as a PFIC, U.S. Holders of the Companys common shares would be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including a substantially increased U.S. income tax liability and an interest charge upon the sale or disposition of the Companys common shares and upon the receipt of distributions on the Companys common shares to the extent such distributions are treated as excess distributions under the U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs. U.S. Holders could potentially mitigate such consequences by making certain elections with respect to the Companys common shares. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the Companys PFIC classification, the consequences to them if the Company is a PFIC, and the availability and the consequences of making certain elections to mitigate such consequences. (See Item 10 Taxation -United States Tax Consequences).
Linear Minerals stock price may limit its ability to raise additional capital by issuing common shares. The low price of the Companys common shares also limits the Companys ability to raise additional capital by issuing additional shares. There are several reasons for this effect. First, the internal policies of certain institutional investors prohibit the purchase of low-priced stocks. Second, many brokerage houses do not permit low-priced stocks to be used as collateral for margin accounts or to be purchased on margin. Third, some brokerage house policies and practices tend to discourage individual brokers from dealing in low-priced stocks. Finally, brokers commissions on low-priced stocks usually represent a higher percentage of the stock price than commissions on higher priced stocks. As a result, the Companys shareholders pay transaction costs that are a higher percentage of their total share value than if the Companys share price were substantially higher.
The liquidity of Linear Minerals shares in the United States markets may be limited or more difficult to effectuate because Linear Minerals is a Penny Stock issuer. The Companys stock is subject to U.S. Penny Stock rules which make the stock more difficult for U.S. shareholders to trade on the open market. The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are equity securities with a price of less than US$5.00 per share, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system provided that current prices and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system.
The Penny Stock Rules require a broker-dealer, prior to effecting a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from such rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market.
In addition, the Penny Stock Rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from such rules the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchasers written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement, a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks, and a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. At the present market prices, the Companys common shares will (and in the foreseeable future are expected to continue to) fall within the definition of a penny stock. Accordingly, United States broker-dealers trading in Linear Minerals shares will be subject to the Penny Stock Rules. Rather than complying with those rules, some broker-dealers may refuse to attempt to sell penny stocks. As a result, shareholders and their broker-dealers in the United States may find it more difficult to sell their shares of the Company, if a market for the shares should develop in the United States.
The market for the Companys stock has been subject to volume and price volatility which could negatively affect a shareholders ability to buy or sell the Companys shares. The market for the common shares of the Company may be highly volatile for reasons both related to the performance of the Company or events pertaining to the industry (e.g. mineral price fluctuation/high production costs/accidents) as well as factors unrelated to the Company or its industry.
Market demand for products incorporating minerals in their manufacture fluctuates over time, resulting in a change of demand for the mineral and an attendant change in the price for the mineral. The Companys common shares can be expected to be subject to volatility in both price and volume arising from market expectations, announcements and press releases regarding the Companys business, and changes in estimates and evaluations by securities analysts or other events or factors. In the last decade, securities markets in the United States and Canada and internationally have experienced periods of high price and volume volatility, and the market prices of securities of many companies, particularly small-capitalization companies such as the Company, have experienced wide fluctuations that have not necessarily been related to the operations, performances, underlying asset values, or prospects of such companies. For these reasons, the Companys common shares can also be expected to be subject to volatility resulting from purely
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market forces over which the Company will have no control. Further, despite the existence of a market for trading the Companys common shares in Canada, shareholders of the Company may be unable to sell significant quantities of common shares in the public trading markets without a significant reduction in the price of the stock.
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