MicroVision Inc

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below together with the other information set forth in this report, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our company. Risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Risk Factors Related to Our Business

We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur significant losses in the future. 

We have had substantial losses since our inception. We cannot assure you that we will ever become or remain profitable.

The likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the expenses, difficulties and delays frequently encountered by companies formed to develop and commercialize new technologies. In particular, our operations to date have focused primarily on research and development, initially of our Laser Beam Scanning, or LBS, technology system, including products built around that technology, and more recently of other core technologies around which our automotiveportfolio of lidar sensors are built. We are unable to accurately estimate future revenues and operating expenses based upon historical performance.

We cannot be certain that we will succeed in obtainsecuring additional dsustained levelopments of revenue or commercializing our technology or products at scale. In light of these factors, we expect to continue to incur significant losses and negative cash flow through the remainder of 2026 and the foreseeable future. There is significant risk that we will not achieve positive cash flow at any time in the future.

We will require additional capital to fund our operations at the level necessary to implement our business plan. Raising additional capital will dilute the value of current shareholders investment in us. Additionally, we may be unable to raise capital at the level we expect , within the timeframe needed, or on terms acceptable to us.

Based on our current operating plan, including expected financing activitieresources, we anticipate that we have sufficient cash and cash equivalentsrequire additional capital to fund our operations ng plan for at least the next 12 months. We will, however, require additional capitalCurrently, the Company has plans to fund our operating plan past that time. We will seek to obtain additional capital throughincrease liquidity through financing activities, which could include utilization of the ATM facility or the issuance of equity , debt, or debtconvertible securities, development revenue, product sales, and/or licensing activities. T. Notwithstanding such plans, there can be no assurance that any such efforts to obtain additional capital would be succfinancing activities will be successful or timely, or that capital can be raised on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. See Part I, Item 1, Note 1. Description of Businessful for additional discussion.

We are currently focused on developing and commercializing our lidar sensors and perception solutions. This involves introducing new technologies into an emerging market which creates significant uncertainty about our ability to accurately project the amounts and timing of revenue, costs, and cash flows. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the commercial success of our technologies, the rate at which OEMs and other customers introduce systems incorporating our solutions and technologies and the market acceptance and competitive position of such systems. Our expenses have increased significantly as a result of recent asset acquisitions, including Ibeo in January 2023, Scantinel Photonics in January 2026, and Luminar Technologies in February 2026, and related headcount increases with each acquisition. If revenues continue to be less than we anticipate, if the mix of revenues and the associated margins vary from anticipated amounts, or if expenses exceed the amounts budgeted, we may require additional capital earlier than expected to fund our operations. In addition, our operating plan provides for the development of strategic relationships with suppliers of components, products and systems, and equipment manufacturers that may require additional investment by us.

Additional capital may not be available to us or, if available, may not be available at a level or on terms acceptable to us or on a timely basis. Raising additional capital maywill involve issuing securities with rights and preferences that are senior to our common stock and maywill dilute the value of our current shareholders investment in us. Moreover, raising capital through the sale of our equity securities is dependent upon the availability of the requisite shares of authorized stock, which is driven by the market price of our stock and the approval of our stockholders. If adequate capital resources are not available on a timely basis, we may consider limiting our operations substantially and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. This limitation of operations could include reducing investments in our research and development projects, staff, operating costs, and capital expenditures which could jeopardize our ability to achieve our business goals or satisfy our customer requirements.

Risks Related to our Financial Statements and Results

Our revenue is generated from a small number of customers, and as we have experienced recently and in the past, losing a significant customer negatively impacts our revenue.

For the threesix months ended March 31June 30, 2026, a top-ten global automotive OEM accounted for  $0.56 million, or 5425%, of total revenue, a leading construction  was derived from Iris sensor sales to a leading global manufacturer accounted for of construction and mining equipment, $0.25 million, or 22%, of total revenue, and was derived from Movia L sensors sales to an EU-based autonomous robotics developer accounted for company delivering autonomy systems in the Security Defense sector, and $0.25 million, or 17%, of21%, was derived from a totp-ten global revenueautomotive OEM customer. For the three months ended March 31,same period in 2025, a leading manufacturer of agricultural equipment accounted for $0.5 million in revenue and an and an automotive supplier accounted for $0.15 million in and $0.2 million of total revenue, represpectively, representing 8066% and 1422% of our total revenue, respectively. Our revenue has been negatively affected by the loss of certain of these customers and could continue to be if not retained or replaced with new, materially equivalent customer wins.

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past, has recently been volatile and may be volatile in the future, and as a result, investors in our common stock could incur substantial losses.

Our stock price has fluctuated significantly in the past, has recently been volatile, and may be volatile in the future. O Adjusting for the 1-for-15 rever the se stock split that became effective on August 1, 2026, over the 52-week period ending May 6August 3, 2026, our common stock has traded at a low of $0.513.45 and a high of $1.73.23.10. We may continue to experience sustained depression or substantial volatility in our stock price in the foreseeable future unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. For the threesix months ended March 31June 30, 2026, we incurred a loss per share of $0.082.90 (as adjusted to reflect the 1-for-15 reverse stock split).

As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our common stock. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including the following:

investor reaction to our business strategy;

the success of competitive products or technologies;

strategic developments;

the timing and results of our development and commercialization efforts with respect to our perception solutions and lidar sensors;

changes in regulatory or industry standards applicable to our solutions or technologies;

variations in our or our competitors financial and operating results;

developments concerning our collaborations or partners;

developments or disputes with any third parties that supply, manufacture, sell or market any of our products or component parts;

developments or disputes concerning patents or other proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technology;

actual or perceived defects in any of our products, if commercialized, and any related product liability claims;

our ability or inability to raise additional capital when needed and the terms on which we raise it;

declines in the market prices of stocks generally;

trading volume of our common stock;

sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

general economic, industry and market conditions; and

the effects of other events or factors, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts, public health issues including health epidemics or pandemics, and natural disasters such as fire, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States or elsewhere.

Since the price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past, has suffered recent declines and may be volatile in the future, investors in our common stock could incur substantial losses. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of managements attention and resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. There can be no guarantee that our stock price will remain at current levels or that future sales of our common stock will not be at prices lower than those sold to investors.

Additionally, securities of certain companies have in the past few years experienced significant and extreme volatility in stock price due to short sellers of shares of common stock, known as a short squeeze. These short squeezes have caused extreme volatility in both the stock prices of those companies and in the market and have led to the price per share of those companies to trade at a significantly inflated rate that is disconnected from the underlying value of the company. Many investors who have purchased shares in those companies at an inflated rate face the risk of losing a significant portion of their original investment, as in many cases the price per share has declined steadily as interest in those stocks has abated. There can be no assurance that our shares will not be subject to a short squeeze in the future, and investors may lose a significant portion or all of their investment if they purchase our shares at a rate that is significantly disconnected from our underlying value.

If we are unable to maintain our listing on The Nasdaq GlobalStock Market, it could become more difficult to sell our stock in the public market.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq GlobalStock Market. To maintain our listing on this market,, which requires that we must meet Nasdaqs continued listing maintenance standardrequirements. On January 12, 2026, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq advising that, based upon the closing bid price for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer met the continued listing requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1).

As a result of recent declines an, and granted the Company 180 days to regain compliance. Prior to the July 13, 2026 compliance deadline, Nasdaq approved our application to transfer our listing from The Global Market to The Capital Market, which was effective July 20, 2026, and determined that the Company was eligible for an additional 180-day compliance period. On August 1, 2026, a 1-for-15 reverse stock split became effective, as approved by our Board of Directors on July 21st and by our shareholders at our 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on July 10th. To regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, our common stock must have a closing price of $1 or more for ten consecutive trading days at some point prior to the January 11, 2027 compliance deadline. We can provide no assurance that this will be achieved.

As a result of severe declines and volatility in our stock price, there is a significant risk that we could fail to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. If , for any reason, we are unable to regain compliance within the 180-day period and thenalso continue to meet Nasdaqs listing maintenance standards for any reason, such as our minimum bid price falling below $1 for 30 consecutive trading days, our common stock could be delisted from The Nasdaq GlobalStock Market. If our common stock were delisted, we may seek to list our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, tthe NYSE American or on a regional stock exchange or, if one or more broker-dealer market makers comply with applicable requirements, the over-the-counter, or OTC, market. Listing on such other market or exchange could reduce the liquidity of our common stock. If our common stock were to trade in the OTC market, an investor would find it more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations for the price of, the common stock.

A delisting from The Nasdaq GlobalStock Market and failure to obtain listing on another market or exchange would subject our common stock to so-called penny stock rules that impose additional sales practice and market-making requirements on broker-dealers who sell or make a market in such securities. Consequently, removal from The Nasdaq GlobalStock Market and failure to obtain listing on another market or exchange could affect the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell or make a market in our common stock and the ability of purchasers of our common stock to sell their securities in the secondary market.

On May 6August 3, 2026, the closing price of our common stock was $0.663.85 per share .

Our lack of significant finfinancial resources may limit our ability to achieve target revenues, potential profits, overall market share, or value.

Our products and solutions competeA certain level of capital is required for us to be successful in attaining our revenue and gross margin goals. To achieve these goals, we must invest in appropriate development resources, acquire necessary components, establish sufficient inventory levels, and build sales channels and partnerships. In the event that our financial resources are insufficient to fund these requirements, it is unlikely that we will be able to deliver target revenues and gross margins, which would significantly impair our performance and viability.

In addition, our products and solutions compete with other pureplay lidar developers, most of which have raised and exhausted significant capital in their development and production efforts. We also face competition from OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers that have internally developed lidar sensors. All of these OEMS and Tier 1s are significantly larger, more well-resourced, have long operating histories and enjoy relevant brand recognition. With greater resources over the past several years, our pureplay lidar competitors have in the past developed and commercialized products more quickly than us and may now have access to more entrenched sales channels. This historical imbalance in financial resources and access could result for us in reduced an inability to achieve target revenues, lower-than-anticipated margins, or loss ofthe failure to attain sufficient market share, any of which could reduce the value of our business. Additionally, for a variety of reasons, customers may choose to purchase from suppliers that have substantially greater financial or other resources than we have.

Risks Related to Fundraising Transactions and the Convertible Notes

Our stockholders will experience further dilution if we issue additional equity securities in future fundraising transactions.

We are generally not restricted from issuing additional common stock, including any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock. Pursuant to the terms of our outstanding convertible notes, however, we are required to reserve a certain number of shares of common stock for potential issuance under the notes. If we issue additional common stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for common stock (such as the recent issuance by us pursuant to the securities purchase and exchange agreement dated February 23, 2026), our stockholders could experience additional dilution, and any such issuances may result in downward pressure on the price of our common stock.

Sales of shares of our common stock by the holder of the February 2026 convertible notes may cause our stock price to decline.

Sales of substantial amounts of our shares of common stock in the public market by the holder of the convertible notes issued by us in February 2026, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the market price of shares of our common stock to decline and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares of our common stock.

We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common stock, and any return to investors is expected to come, if at all, only from potential increases in the price of our common stock.

At the present time, we intend to use available funds to finance our operations. Accordingly, while any payment of dividends would be at the discretion of our board of directors, no cash dividends on our common shares have been declared or paid by us and we have no intention of paying any such dividends in the foreseeable future. Any return to investors is expected to come, if at all, only from potential increases in the price of our common stock.

There are risks associated with our outstanding convertible notes that could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

On February 23, 2026, we issued two senior secured convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $43.0 million pursuant to the securities purchase and exchange agreement dated February 23, 2026.The convertible notes provide for certain events of default, such as our failing to make timely payments under the notes and failing to timely comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The February 2026 securities purchase and exchange agreement and the convertible notes also contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on incurring additional indebtedness, the creation of additional liens on our assets, and entering into investments, as well as a minimum liquidity requirement.

Our ability to remain in compliance with the covenants under the convertible notes depends on, among other things, our operating performance, competitive developments, financial market conditions and stock exchange listing of our common stock, all of which are significantly affected by financial, business, economic and other factors. We are not able to control many of these factors. Accordingly, our cash flow may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal on the notes or meet our other obligations thereunder. Our level of indebtedness under the securities purchase and exchange agreement could have other important consequences, including the following:

we may need to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal on the convertible notes, which would reduce funds available to us for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures, potential acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness under the securities purchase and exchange agreement or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or general corporate purposes;

we may be unable to comply with financial and other covenants related to the convertible notes, which could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, may result in acceleration of the notes and would have an adverse effect on our business and prospects, could cause us to lose the rights to our intellectual property, and could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation;

the conversion of the convertible notes could result in significant dilution of our common stock, which could result in significant dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of our common stock to decline; and

we may be more vulnerable to an economic downturn or recession and adverse developments in our business.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage any of these risks successfully.

Our obligations to the holder pursuant to the February 2026 convertible notes are secured by a security interest in all of our bank and securities accounts, now owned and hereafter created or acquired, and if we default on those obligations, the holder could foreclose on our bank and securities accounts.

Our obligations under the convertible notes and the related transaction documents, are secured by a security interest in all of our bank and securities accounts, now owned and hereafter created or acquired. As a result, if we default on our obligations under the convertible notes the collateral agent on behalf of the holder could foreclose on the security interests and liquidate some or all of our bank and securities accounts, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations and could require us to reduce or cease operations and investors may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Operations

Difficulty in qualifying a contract manufacturer, Tier 1 partner, or foundry for our products, or experiencing challenges in our supply chain, could cause delays that may result in lost future revenues and damaged customer relationships.

Historically, we have relied on single or limited-source suppliers to manufacture our products. Establishing and maintaining a relationship with a contract manufacturer, automotive Tier 1 partner, or foundry is a time-consuming process, as our unique technologies may require significant manufacturing process adaptation to achieve full manufacturing capacity. To the extent that we are not able to maintain our existing or establish a new relationship with a contract manufacturer, Tier 1 partner, or foundry in a timely manner or at prices or on other terms that are acceptable to us, we may be unable to meet contract or production milestones. Moreover, changes or challenges in our supply chain could result in increased cost and delays and subject us to risks and uncertainties regarding, but not limited to, product warranty, product liability and quality control standards. The loss of any single or limited-source supplier, the failure of any of these suppliers to perform as expected or the disruption in the supply chain of components from these suppliers could cause significant delays in product deliveries, which could result in lost future revenues and damaged customer relationships.

Historically, we have been dependent on third parties to develop, manufacture, sell and market products incorporating our technology.

Our business strategy for commercializing our technology in products has historically included entering into development, manufacturing, licensing, sales and marketing arrangements with OEMs, ODMs and other third parties. These arrangements reduce our level of control over production and distribution and may subject us to risks and uncertainties regarding, but not limited to, product warranty, product liability and quality control standards.

We cannot be certain that we will be able to negotiate arrangements on acceptable terms, if at all, or that these arrangements will be successful in yielding commercially viable products. If we cannot establish or maintain these arrangements, we would require additional capital to undertake such activities on our own and would require extensive manufacturing, sales and marketing expertise that we do not currently possess and that may be difficult to obtain.

The production of our sensors is dependent on producing or sourcing certain key components and raw materials at acceptable price levels. If we are unable to adequately reduce and control the costs of such key components, we will be unable to realize manufacturing cost targets, which could reduce the market adoption of our products, damage our reputation with current or prospective customers, and harm our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

In addition, we could encounter significant delays in introducing our products and technology or find that the development, manufacture or sale of products incorporating our technology would not be feasible. To the extent that we enter into development, manufacturing, licensing, sales and marketing or other arrangements, our revenues will depend upon the performance of third parties. We cannot be certain that any such arrangements will be successful.

We could face lawsuits related to our use of our core technologies, which would be costly, and any adverse outcome could limit our ability to commercialize our technologies or products.

There could be patents held by third parties that relate to certain aspects of technologies that are core to our sensor hardware. Such patents could be used as a basis to challenge the validity, limit the scope or limit our ability to obtain additional or broader patent rights of our patents. A successful challenge to the validity of our patents could limit our ability to commercialize our technology or products incorporating the relevant technologies and, consequently, materially reduce our ability to generate revenues. Moreover, we cannot be certain that patent holders or other third parties will not claim infringement by us with respect to current and future technology. Because U.S. patent applications are held and examined in secrecy, it is also possible that presently pending U.S. applications could eventually be issued with claims that could be infringed by our products or our technology.

The defense and prosecution of a patent suit would be costly and time-consuming, even if the outcome were ultimately favorable to us. An adverse outcome in the defense of a patent suit could subject us to significant costs, require others and us to cease selling products incorporating our technology, require us to cease licensing our technology or require disputed rights to be licensed from third parties. Such licenses, if available, would increase our operating expenses. Moreover, if claims of infringement are asserted against our future co-development partners or customers, those partners or customers may seek indemnification from us for any damages or expenses they incur.

If we fail to manage expansion effectively, our revenue and expenses could be adversely affected.

Our ability to successfully offer products and solutions incorporating our technologies and implement our business plan in a rapidly evolving market requires an effective planning and management process. In particular following our recent asset acquisitions, the growth in business and relationships with customers and other third parties has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management systems and resources. We will need to continue to improve our financial and managerial controls, reporting systems and procedures, and will need to continue to train and manage our workforce. We continue to strengthen our compliance programs, including our compliance programs related to product certifications (in particular, certifications applicable to the automotive  and defense markets), export controls, privacy, cybersecurity, and anti-corruption. We may not be able to implement improvements in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing controls, programs, systems and procedures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, reputation and financial results.

We target customers that are large companies with substantial negotiating power and potentially competitive internal solutions; if we are unable to sell our products to these customers, our prospects will be adversely affected.

Our potential customers, including industrial and automotive OEMs, are large, multinational companies with substantial negotiating power relative to us and, in some instances, may have internal solutions that are competitive to our products. These large, multinational companies also have significant resources, which may allow them to acquire or develop competitive technologies either independently or in partnership with others. Accordingly, even after investing significant resources to develop a product, we may not secure a series production award or, even after securing a series production award, may not be able to commercialize a product on profitable terms or scale. If our products are not selected by these large companies or if these companies develop or acquire competitive technology or negotiate terms that are disadvantageous to us, it will have an adverse effect on our business prospects.

Our technology and products may be subject to environmental, health and safety regulations that could increase our development and production costs.

Our technologies and products could become subject to environmental, health and safety regulations or amendments that could negatively impact our ability to commercialize our technologies and products. Compliance with any such current or new regulations would likely increase the cost to develop and commercialize products, and violations may result in fines, penalties or suspension of production. If we become subject to any environmental, health, or safety laws or regulations that require us to cease or significantly change our operations to comply, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our operating results may be adversely impacted by worldwide political and economic uncertainties and specific conditions in the markets we address.

At various times in our history, including currently and in the recent past, general worldwide economic conditions have experienced downturns due to instability in global tariffs, to slower economic activity, concerns about inflation, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, and adverse business conditions. Any continuation or worsening of global economic and financial conditions could materially adversely affect: (i) our ability to raise, or the cost of, needed capital, (ii) demand for our current and future products, and (iii) our ability to commercialize products. Additionally, prolonged military confrontations, or the outbreak of wars or infectious diseases, as experienced currently and in the recent past, may cause an unexpected deterioration in economic conditions. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, regionally or in automotive, industrial, or security defense sectors.

Because a significant proportion of our company is outside of the U.S. and we utilize foreign suppliers and manufacturers, our operating results could be harmed by economic, political, regulatory and other factors in foreign countries.

DuringIn 2021, we established an office in Germany and on January 31, 2023, we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Ibeo, with the result that we now have more employees and operations in Germany than in the U.S. In addition, we currently use foreign suppliers and partners and plan to continue to do so to manufacture current and future components and products, where appropriate. These international operations are subject to inherent risks, which may adversely affect us, including, but not limited to:

We have recently made and may in the future make acquisitions. If we fail to successfully select, execute or integrate our acquisitions, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

In January 2023, January 2026, and February 2026, we completed acquisitions of certain assets from Ibeo Automotive Systems GmbH, Scantinel Photonics GmbH, and Luminar Technologies, Inc., respectively. For each of these acquisitions, we expended significant management time and effort, as well as capital, identifying, evaluating, negotiating, and executing these transactions. We have also invested, and continue to invest, time and capital working to integrate employees and operations from each of these acquisitions into our global organization. We cannot guarantee that these integration efforts will be successful, that the goals of the acquisitions will be realized, or that the increase to our operating expenses or cash requirements will be manageable.

In the future, we may again undertake acquisitions to add new products and technologies, acquire talent, gain new sales channels or enter into new markets or sales territories. In addition to possible stockholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may disrupt our business strategy if we fail to do so. Furthermore, acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets, businesses, key personnel, customers, vendors and suppliers require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill and other acquired-asset impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets, and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.

Before our acquisition of assets from Ibeo, we had no experience with acquisitions or the integration of acquired technology and personnel. Failure to successfully identify, complete, manage, and integrate acquisitions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and could cause our stock price to decline.

Our suppliers or manufacturing partners facilities could be damaged or disrupted by a natural disaster or labor strike, either of which would materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

A major catastrophe, such as an earthquake, monsoon, or flood; infectious disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 virus; or other natural disasters, labor strikes, or work stoppages at our suppliers or manufacturers partners facilities or our customers, could result in a prolonged interruption of our business. A disruption resulting from any one of these events could cause significant delays in product shipments and the loss of sales and customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

If we are unable to obtain effective intellectual property protection for our products, processes and technologies, we may be unable to compete with other companies.

Intellectual property protection for our products, processes and technologies is important and uncertain. If we do not obtain effective intellectual property protection for our products, processes and technologies, we may be subject to increased competition. Our commercial success will depend, in part, on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our key technologies by securing valid and enforceable patents and effectively maintaining unpatented technologies as trade secrets.

We protect our proprietary technologies by seeking to obtain United States and foreign patents in our name, or licenses to third party patents, related to proprietary technologies, inventions, and improvements that may be important to the development of our business. However, our patent position involves complex legal and factual questions. The standards that the United States Patent and Trademark Office and its foreign counterparts use to grant patents are not always applied predictably or uniformly and can change.

Additionally, the scope of patents is subject to interpretation by courts and their validity can be subject to challenges and defenses, including challenges and defenses based on the existence of prior art. Consequently, we cannot be certain as to the extent to which we will be able to obtain patents for our new products and technologies or the extent to which the patents that we already own protect our products and technologies. Reduction in scope of protection or invalidation of our licensed or owned patents, or our inability to obtain new patents, may enable other companies to develop products that compete directly with ours on the basis of the same or similar technologies.

We also rely on the law of trade secrets to protect unpatented know-how and technologies to maintain our competitive position. We try to protect this know-how and our technologies by limiting access to the trade secrets to those of our employees, contractors and partners, with a need-to-know such information and by entering into confidentiality agreements with parties that have access to it, such as our employees, consultants and business partners. Any of these parties could breach the agreements and disclose our trade secrets or confidential information, or our competitors might learn of the information in some other way. If any trade secret not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position could be negatively affected.

We could be subject to significant product liability claims that could be time consuming and costly, divert management attention and adversely affect our ability to obtain and maintain insurance coverage.

We could be subject to product liability claims if any of the product applications are alleged to be defective or cause harmful effects. For example, because some of the scanning modules incorporating our LBS technology could scan a low power beam of colored light into the users eye, the testing, manufacture, marketing and sale of these products involve an inherent risk that product liability claims will be asserted against us.

Additionally, any misuse of our technologies or products incorporating our technologies by end users or third parties that obtain access to our technologies could result in negative publicity and could harm our brand and reputation. Product liability claims or other claims related to our products or our technologies, regardless of their outcome, could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation, divert management time and attention, require us to pay significant damages, harm our reputation or hinder acceptance of our products. Any successful product liability claim may prevent us from obtaining adequate product liability insurance in the future on commercially desirable or reasonable terms. An inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our products and technologies.

Our operations could be adversely impacted by information technology system failures, network disruptions, or cybersecurity incidents.

We rely on information technology systems to process, transmit, store, and protect electronic data between our employees, customers, manufacturing partners and suppliers. Our systems and the third parties we rely on for related services are vulnerable to actual or attempted cybersecurity incidents, such as attacks by hackers, acts of vandalism, malware, social engineering, denial or degradation of service attacks, computer viruses, software bugs or vulnerabilities, supply chain attacks, phishing attacks, ransomware attacks, misplaced or lost data, human errors, malicious insiders or other similar events. Such systems are also susceptible to other disruptions due to events beyond our control, including, but are not limited to, natural disasters, power loss, and telecommunications failures. Our system redundancy may be inadequate and our disaster recovery planning may be ineffective or insufficient to account for all eventualities.

As security incidents have become more prevalent across industries we will need to continually examine, modify and update our systems. These updates or improvements may require implementation costs. In addition, we may not be able to monitor and react to all developments in a timely manner. The measures we do adopt may prove ineffective.

Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with current and future regulatory or customer-driven privacy, data protection, and information security requirements, or to prevent or mitigate cyber incidents, could harm our business and expose us to potential litigation, liability, remediation costs, investigation costs, loss of revenue, damage to our reputation and loss of customers. While we maintain insurance coverage to address certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses or all claims that may arise, should such an event occur.

We, and certain of our third-party vendors, collect and store personal information in connection with human resources operations and other aspects of our business. While we obtain assurances that any third parties we provide data to will protect this information and, where we believe appropriate, monitor the protections employed by these third parties, there is a risk the confidentiality of data held by us or by third parties may be compromised and expose us to liability for such breach.

Loss of any of our key personnel or inability to attract new personnel could have a negative effect on the operation of our business.

Our success depends on our executive officers and other key personnel and on our ability to attract and retain qualified new personnel. Achievement of our business objectives will require substantial additional expertise in the areas of sales and marketing, engineering, project management, operations, and manufacturing. Competition for qualified personnel in these fields is intense, and the inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled personnel, or the loss of key personnel, could hinder our ability to compete effectively in the automotive or technology markets and adversely affect our business strategy execution and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks related to the use of AI tools by us and others.

Although we are evaluating and, where we believe appropriate, incorporating the use of AI tools into our operations, such as the use of generative AI tools to assist in the development of code, our use of such tools may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory and other risks, and there can be no assurance that our use of AI tools will enhance our business operations or result in a benefit to us. Our competitors may be more successful in their use of AI tools, including by developing superior products or improving their operations with the assistance of AI. Additionally, there could be adverse impacts from inaccurate or flawed algorithms. Our use of AI tools could also result in the loss of confidential information or intellectual property or an inability to claim or enforce intellectual property rights, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy, cybersecurity, and the unauthorized use of our data.

Risks Related to Development for our Target Markets

We invest significant time and resources seeking OEM selection of our products and solutions. If our products and solutions are not selected for inclusion in ADAS systems by automotive OEMs or automotive Tier 1 suppliers after incurring substantial expenditures in these efforts, our future business prospects, results of operations, and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

Automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers design and develop ADAS technology over several years, undertaking extensive testing and qualification processes prior to selecting a product such as our lidar sensors and software for use in a particular system, product or vehicle model because such products will function as part of a larger system or platform and must meet certain other specifications. We have invested and will continue to invest significant time and resources to have our products considered and possibly selected by OEMs or Tier 1 suppliers for use in a particular system, product or vehicle model, which is known as a series production win or a series production award. In the case of ADAS technology, a series production award would mean that our lidar sensor and/or ADAS solution had been selected for use in a particular vehicle model. However, if we are unable to achieve a series production award with respect to a particular vehicle model, we may not have an opportunity to supply our products to the automotive OEM for that vehicle model for a period of many years. In many cases, this period can be as long as five to seven or more years. If our products are not selected by an automotive OEM or our suppliers for one vehicle model or if our products are not successful in that vehicle model, it is unlikely that our product will be deployed in other vehicle models of that OEM. If we fail to win a significant number of vehicle models from one or more automotive OEMs or their suppliers, our future business prospects, results of operations, and financial conditions will be materially and adversely affected.

The complexity of our products and the limited visibility into the various environmental and other conditions under which potential customers may use the products could result in unforeseen delays or expenses from undetected defects, errors or reliability issues in hardware or software which could reduce the market adoption of our products, damage our reputation with prospective customers, expose us to product liability and other claims, and adversely affect our operating costs.

Our products are highly technical and complex and require high standards to manufacture and may experience defects, errors or reliability issues at various stages of development and production. We may be unable to timely manufacture or release products, or correct problems that have arisen or correct such problems to the customers satisfaction. Additionally, undetected errors, defects or security vulnerabilities could result in serious injury to the end users or bystanders of technology incorporating our products, inability of customers to commercialize technology incorporating our products, litigation against us, negative publicity and other consequences. These risks are particularly prevalent in the highly competitive ADAS market. These problems may also result in claims, including class actions, against us that could be costly to defend. Our reputation or brand may be damaged as a result of these problems and potential customers may be reluctant to buy our products, which could adversely affect our financial results.

Adverse conditions in particular industrial sectors, the automotive industry, or the global economy more generally could have adverse effects on our results of operations.

While we make our strategic planning decisions based on the assumption that the markets we are targeting will grow, our business is dependent, in large part on, and directly affected by, business cycles and other factors affecting industrial autonomy, the global automobile industry, and the global economy generally. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and depend on general economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending and preferences, changes in interest rates and credit availability, consumer confidence, fuel costs, fuel availability, environmental impact, governmental incentives and regulatory requirements, and political volatility, especially in energy-producing countries and growth markets. In addition, automotive production and sales can be affected by our automotive OEM customers ability to continue operating in response to challenging economic conditions and in response to labor relations issues, regulatory requirements, trade agreements and other factors. The volume of automotive production in North America, Europe and the rest of the world has fluctuated, sometimes significantly, from year to year, and we expect such fluctuations to give rise to fluctuations in the demand for our products. Any significant adverse change in any of these factors may result in a reduction in automotive sales and production by our automotive OEM customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Developments in alternative technology may adversely affect the demand for our lidar technology.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as cameras and radar, may materially and adversely affect our business prospects in ways we do not currently anticipate. Existing and other camera and radar technologies may emerge as OEMs preferred alternative to our solution, which would result in the loss of competitiveness of our lidar solution. Our RD efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to these changes in technology and our solution may not compete effectively with these alternative systems.

ADAS features may be delayed in adoption by OEMs, which would negatively impact our long-term business prospects.

The ADAS market is fast evolving and there is generally a lack of an established regulatory framework. Vehicle regulators globally continue to consider new and enhanced emissions requirements, including electrification, to meet environmental and economic needs as well as pursue new safety standards to address emerging traffic risks. For instance, in May 2024, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, or NHTSA, published a new rule requiring automatic emergency braking systems in U.S. light vehicles and trucks by September 2029, and in December 2024, NHTSA proposed a voluntary program to improve evaluation and oversight of certain vehicles equipped with automated driving systems. To control new vehicle prices, among other concerns, OEMs may need to dedicate technology and cost additions to new vehicle designs to meet these emissions and safety requirements and postpone the consumer cost pressures of new ADAS features. As additional safety requirements are imposed on vehicle manufacturers, our business prospects may be materially impacted. Alternatively, if safety regulations in the U.S. were to become less stringent due to oversight reduction efforts, OEMs could be less inclined to pay for higher cost redundant safety systems and technologies, which could negatively impact the uptake of our sensor solutions.

Because the lidar and ADAS markets are rapidly evolving, it is difficult to forecast customer adoption rates, demand, and selling prices for our products and solutions.

We are pursuing opportunities in rapidly evolving markets, including technological and regulatory changes, and it is difficult to predict the timing and size of the opportunities. For example, lidar-based ADAS solutions require complex technology and because these automotive systems depend on technology from many companies, commercialization of ADAS products could be delayed or impaired on account of certain technological components of ours or others not being ready to be deployed in vehicles.

In addition, the selling prices we are able to ultimately charge in the future for the products we are currently developing may be less than what we currently project. We expect to be subject to substantial pressure from automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers to reduce the price of our products. It is possible that pricing pressures beyond our expectations could intensify as automotive OEMs pursue restructuring, consolidation, and cost-cutting initiatives. If we are unable to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset price reductions, our gross margin and profitability would be adversely affected.

Our future financial performance will depend on our ability to make timely investments in the correct market opportunities. If one or more of these markets experience a shift in prospective customer demand, our products may not compete as effectively, if at all, and they may not be designed into commercialized products. Given the evolving nature of the markets in which we operate, it is difficult to predict customer demand or adoption rates for our products, selling prices or the future growth of our target markets. If demand does not develop or if we cannot accurately forecast it, the size of our markets, inventory requirements or future financial results will be adversely affected.

Because perception solutions involving lidar are new in the markets we are seeking to enter, opportunities in those market and related forecasts may not materialize as anticipated.

In addition to automotive markets, we are investing in and pursuing market opportunities in industrial and security defense markets. We believe that our future revenue growth, if any, will depend in part on our ability to expand within new markets such as these and to enter new markets as they emerge. Each of these markets presents distinct risks and, in many cases, requires us to address the particular requirements of that market.

Addressing the unique requirements of adjacent markets can be time-consuming and costly. The market for lidar technology and perception solutions outside of automotive applications is relatively new, rapidly developing, and unproven in many markets or industries. Many of our customers and potential customers outside of the automotive industry remain in the testing and development phases, and we cannot be certain that they will commercialize products or systems with our products or at all. Additionally, we cannot be certain that lidar-based solutions will be sold into these markets at prices or scale needed to achieve profitability.

Our market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not materialize as anticipated. These estimates and forecasts relating to the expected size and growth of the markets for lidar-based technology may prove to be inaccurate. Even if these markets experience the forecasted growth we anticipate, we may not grow our business at similar rates, or at all. Our future growth is subject to many factors, including market adoption of our products, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that these forecasts will not be materially inaccurate.