NI Holdings Inc

Item 1A. - Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our assessment of our risk factors from those set forth in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in our 2024 Annual Report, except as indicated below:

Strategic decisions may not achieve their intended benefits, may be based on incomplete or inaccurate information, or may not be implemented in a timely manner, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

From time to time, we evaluate and adjust our business strategies in response to changes in market conditions, underwriting results, competitive dynamics, regulatory developments, and other factors. For example, we recently determined to cease writing new policies and non-renew existing policies in our Non-Standard Auto segment. Strategic decisions such as these are based on information, estimates, and assumptions available to us at the time they are made. However, such information may prove to be inaccurate or incomplete, and the anticipated benefits of these actions, such as improved underwriting performance, reduced volatility, or more efficient capital allocation, may not be realized as expected, or at all.

In addition, there can be significant timing and execution risks associated with strategic changes. Our decision-making and implementation processes may take longer than anticipated, or we may not identify needed changes on a timely basis. While we evaluate and execute strategic adjustments, our business operations may experience disruption, our relationships with agents, policyholders, or reinsurers may be adversely affected, and our overall financial results may be negatively impacted. Furthermore, no longer writing a line of business may result in short-term declines in premium volume, increased expense ratios, or other unforeseen consequences that could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Trade policies, including tariffs, could adversely impact our financial condition and operating results.

We maintain reserves to cover estimated unpaid losses and expenses necessary to settle claims. The reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses that we have established are estimates of amounts needed to pay reported and unreported claims and related expenses, based on facts and circumstances known to us at the time we established the reserves. Reserves are actuarially projected based on historical claims information, industry statistics, anticipated trends, and other factors. Changes in U.S. trade policy, including recently announced tariffs, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The imposition of new tariffs or increases in existing tariffs on goods imported from other countries could result in increased costs for raw materials, components, or finished goods and adversely impact loss severity. In addition, tariffs or other trade restrictions may lead to continuing uncertainty and volatility in U.S. and global financial and economic conditions and commodity markets, declining consumer confidence, significant inflation, and diminished expectations for the economy. Such conditions could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows. We are unable to predict the ultimate result and duration of any tariff actions by the U.S. government or countermeasures that may be taken by other nations.

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