ProMIS Neurosciences Inc.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the risks and uncertainties that we believe are most important for you to consider are discussed under the heading Risk

Factors Summary and in Item 1A Risk Factors in the Companys Form 10-K, as amended and supplemented by the information in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31June 30, 2026. The risk factors set forth below are risk factors containing changes, which may be material, from the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading Risk Factors Summary and in Item 1A Risk Factors in the Companys Form 10-K as filed with the SEC and such subsequently filed Quarterly Report.

We have incurred losses since inception and we anticipate that we will incur continued losses for the foreseeable future. We will require additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our development programs, commercialization efforts or other operations.

The development of biopharmaceutical therapeutic candidates is capital-intensive. We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we conduct our ongoing and planned preclinical studies of our development programs, conduct existing and initiate new clinical trials for our therapeutic candidates and seek regulatory approval for our current therapeutic candidates and any future therapeutic candidates we may develop. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our therapeutic candidates, we also expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution. Because the outcome of any preclinical study or clinical trial is highly uncertain, we cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of our therapeutic candidates. Accordingly, we will need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations. We had working capital of approximately $59.049.5 million as of March 31June 30, 2026. We will require substantial additional funds for further research and development, current and planned clinical testing, regulatory approvals, establishment of manufacturing capabilities and, if necessary, the marketing and sale of our products.

Our ability to raise additional financing and maintain operations in the future could be at substantial risk and there can be no assurance that additional funding or partnerships will be available on acceptable terms, if at all, that would foster successful commercialization of our products. Failing to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms could force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs or any future commercialization efforts. We may attempt to raise additional funds for these purposes through public or private equity or debt financing, use of at the market offerings, collaborations with other biopharmaceutical companies, and/or from other sources.