Terex Corporation

Item 1A.Risk Factors

The risk factor entitled The imposition of new, postponed or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. updates and replaces the prior risk factor entitled The imposition of new or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have also updated the risk factors entitled Our business is sensitive to general economic conditions, government spending priorities and the cyclical nature of markets we serve. and We are exposed to political, economic and other risks that arise from operating a multinational business. There have been no other material changes in our risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The imposition of new, postponed or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Rising international tariffs could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. The U.S. government has continued to impose more tariffs on certain foreign goods from an increasing number of countries and regions that it perceives as engaging in unfair trade practices. Foreign governments have imposed, and may continue to impose, retaliatory tariffs on goods that their countries import from the U.S. Such changes can make it difficult or costly for us to do business in, or import our products from, such countries. For example, tariffs on certain Chinese origin goods impact the cost of material and machines we import directly from our manufacturing operations in China, as well as the cost of material and components imported on our behalf by suppliers. The indirect impact of inflationary pressure on costs throughout the supply chain and the direct impact, for example, on costs for machines we import outside of the U.S., leads to higher input costs and potentially lower margins on certain products we sell. In addition, increasing tariffs imposed by the Chinese government on U.S. imports, and the potential imposition of tariffs by other countries on U.S. imports, have made the cost of some of our products more expensive for our non-U.S. customers and such costs could further increase.

We have been able to mitigate some effects of tariffs through the U.S. governments duty draw-back mechanism, tariff exclusion process, footprint utilization, anpricing actions and prudent sourcing. However, the end of certain tariff exclusions, and the increasing amount of new and proposed tariffs, could further destabilize global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. Modifying our business operations to continuously adapt to or comply with rapidly evolving tariffs may be time-consuming and costly. If we become unable to recover a substantial portion of any tariff related costs from our customers, suppliers, duty draw-back, or other available avenues, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is sensitive to general economic conditions, government spending priorities and the cyclical nature of markets we serve.

Demand for our products is affected by the general strength of the economies in which we sell our products, customers perceptions concerning the timing of economic cycles, customers replacement or repair cycles, prevailing interest rates, residential and non-residential construction spending, government spending priorities, capital expenditure allocations of our customers, the timing of regulatory standard changes, oil and gas related activity and other factors. The last several years have been marked by geopolitical instability, including multiple global conflicts, social concerns, supply chain and freight constraints, a pandemic, labor shortages and wage increases, high inflation, high interest rates, foreign currency exchange volatility, recessions, tariffs and potential international trade wars, all of which have increased ongoing economic uncertainty and instability in the global markets. This instability can make it extremely difficult for our customers, our suppliers and us to

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accurately forecast and plan future business activities. Some of our customers also depend substantially on government funding of highway construction, maintenance and other infrastructure projects. Policies of governments attempting to address local deficit or structural economic issues could have a material impact on our customers and markets. There is an expectation of significant infrastructure and government spending, including in relation to the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Inflation Reduction Act and the CHIPS and Science Act. Any decrease or delay in government funding of highway construction and maintenance, other infrastructure projects and overall government spending could cause our revenues and profits to decrease.

Recent channel adjustments reflect macro uncertainty, high interest rates, geopolitical uncertainties, and shorter delivery lead times. We cannot provide any assurance that there will not be continued, increased global economic weakness and recessions based on the above uncertainties or other factors. Additionally, changes in trade agreements, the continued imposition of tariffs by the United States, retaliatory tariffs by other countries and any resulting escalation of trade tensions, including a trade war, could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. If economic conditions in the U.S., Europe and other key markets weaken, we may experience further negative impacts to our net sales, financial condition, profitability and cash flows, which could result in the need for us to record impairments.

We are exposed to political, economic and other risks that arise from operating a multinational business.

Our operations are subject to a number of potential risks. Such risks principally include:

uncertainties and instability in global and regional economic conditions, including changes related to market conditions caused by heightened inflation, economic recessions, and significant interest rate fluctuations;

ongoing political instability and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict between Israel and Hamas, tensions between Israel and Iran, the relationship between China and the U.S. and other actual or anticipated military or political conflicts;

domestic and foreign customs and tariffs;

export duties and quotas;

trade protection measures and currency exchange controls;

changes in tax laws or interpretations, tax rates and tax legislation;

current and changing regulatory environments;

terrorist activities and the U.S. and international response thereto;

wage inflation, labor shortages and labor unrest;

difficulties protecting our intellectual property;

transportation delays and interruptions;

costs and difficulties in integrating, staffing and managing international operations, especially in developing markets;

difficulty in obtaining distribution support;

health epidemics or new pandemics; and

natural disasters.

In addition, many of the nations in which we operate have developing legal and economic systems adding greater uncertainty to our operations in those countries than would be expected in North America, Western Europe and certain Asia Pacific markets. These factors may have an adverse effect on our international operations in the future. Efforts to improve operations in developing markets also requires us to hire, train and retain qualified personnel in countries where language, cultural or regulatory barriers may exist, and may require a greater level of managements attention. Expansion into developing markets may also require modification of products to meet local requirements or preferences. Modification to the design of our products to meet local requirements and preferences may take longer or be more costly than we anticipate and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve international sales growth.

As a global manufacturer, quotas, duties, tariffs and the possibility of an escalation or further developments of current trade conflicts could continue to negatively impact global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. See the Risk Factor entitled The imposition of new, proposed or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations for additional details.

The Coalition of American Manufacturers of Mobile Access Equipment, an alliance of mobile access equipment producers in the U.S. of which we are a member, pursued anti-dumping and countervailing cases against unfairly traded Chinese imports of mobile access equipment. The U.S. Department of Commerce has issued countervailing and anti-dumping duty rates on mobile access equipment from China. If these duties are not enough to offset the subsidies provided by the Chinese government to Chinese mobile access equipment manufacturers and/or if the duties are modified as a result of any appeal process, we may continue to operate at a disadvantage to Chinese manufacturers. This could result in reduced demand for our products in the U.S. and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations. Similarly, following an official complaint by several of our EU competitors, the European Commission recently concluded anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations into mobile access equipment imported from China. As a result of these investigations, the European Commission imposed a range of

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duties on manufacturers who produce equipment in China, with most of the highest duties assigned to Chinese owned competitors. If anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties are not enough to offset any subsidies provided by the Chinese government to Chinese manufacturers and/or if their duties are modified as a result of any appeal process, it could result in reduced demand for our products in the E.U. and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operation.