Hanover Insurance Group Inc

ITEM 1A  RISK FACTORS

This document contains, and management may make, certain forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, may be forward-looking statements. When used in our Managements Discussion and Analysis, words such as: believes, anticipates, expects, projections, outlook, should, could, plan, guidance, likely, on track to, potential, continue, targeted, designed, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. We caution readers that accuracy with respect to forward-looking projections is difficult and subject to risks and uncertainties. Those risks and uncertainties, in some cases, have affected, and in the future could affect, our actual results and could cause our actual results for the remainder of 2025 and beyond to differ materially from historical results and from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. We operate in a business environment that is continually changing, and as such, new risk factors may emerge over time. Additionally, our business is conducted in competitive markets and, therefore, involves a higher degree of risk. We cannot predict these new risk factors, nor can we assess the impact, if any, that they may have on our business in the future.

Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to, the following:

changes in the demand for our products;

risks and uncertainties with respect to our ability to retain profitable policies in force and attract profitable policies, and to increase rates commensurate with, or in excess of, loss trends;

adverse claims experience or changes in our estimates of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, including with respect to catastrophes, which may result in lower current year underwriting results or adverse loss development, and could impact our carried reserves;

uncertainties with respect to the long-term profitability of our products, including with respect to newer products, or longer-tail products covering casualty losses;

disruption in our distribution channels, including the loss or disruption of our independent agency channel, and the impact of competition and consolidation in the industry and among agents and brokers;

changes in frequency and loss severity trends, exacerbated by fluctuations in economic conditions;

changes in regulation, legislation, economic, market and political conditions, particularly with respect to rates, policy terms and conditions, the utilization of artificial intelligence, payment flexibility, and regions where we have geographical concentrations;

volatile and unpredictable developments, including severe weather and other natural physical events, catastrophes, pandemics, civil unrest, and terrorist actions, and the uncertainty in estimating the resulting losses;

impacts of changing climate conditions and weather patterns, causing higher levels of losses from weather events to persist and leading to new or enhanced regulations;

limitations on the ability to adjust claims or the availability of sufficient information to accurately estimate a loss at a point in time and the limitations and assumptions used to model property and casualty losses in general;

risks and uncertainties with respect to our ability to collect all amounts due from reinsurers and to maintain current levels of reinsurance in the future at commercially reasonable rates, or at all;

heightened volatility, fluctuations in interest rates (which have a significant impact on the market value of our investment portfolio and thus our book value), inflationary pressures, default rates, tariffs, difficult economic, market and political conditions, and other factors that affect investment returns from our investment portfolio;

recessionary economic periods that may inhibit our ability to increase pricing or renew business, and which may be accompanied by higher claims activity in certain lines;

risks and uncertainties associated with our participation in shared market mechanisms, mandatory reinsurance programs and mandatory and voluntary pooling arrangements, including the MCCA;

an increase in mandatory assessments by state guaranty funds;

actions by our competitors, many of which are larger or have greater financial resources than we do;

loss, prolonged illness or retirement of key employees;

operating difficulties and other unintended consequences from the introduction of new products and related technology changes and applications, including the use of pricing models and artificial intelligence, as well as new operating models, particularly as business processes become increasingly more digital;

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changes in our claims-paying and financial strength ratings;

negative changes in our level of statutory surplus;

risks and uncertainties with respect to our growth or operating strategies, or with respect to our expense and strategic initiatives;

our ability to declare and pay dividends;

changes in accounting principles and related financial reporting requirements;

errors or omissions in connection with the administration of any of our products;

risks and uncertainties regarding our operations and technology, including our internal and external information systems, such as cloud-based data information storage or network systems, information security, cyber risks, artificial intelligence, remote working capabilities, and/or outsourcing relationships and third-party operations and data security, as a result of cyber incidents or otherwise, that may negatively impact our ability to conduct business;

an inability to be compliant with recently implemented regulations or existing regulations, such as those relating to Sarbanes-Oxley, or a failure of internal controls;

risks, uncertainties or unfavorable developments associated with enacted legislation, litigation matters, social inflation and the possibility of adverse judicial decisions, including those related to exposures to potentially harmful products or substances or those which expand policy coverage beyond its intended scope or award bad faith, or other non-contractual damages, and including those related to the Michigan legislation which was effective July 2, 2020 and reformed the prior requirements that all personal and commercial automobile polices issued in the state include no-fault personal injury protection coverage without a cap on maximum benefits allowed and the resulting increase in litigation challenging or associated with this reform;

risks and uncertainties associated with pandemics and related economic and socio-economic conditions; and

other factors described in such forward-looking statements.

In addition, historical and future reported financial results include estimates with respect to premiums written and earned, reinsurance recoverables, current accident year picks, loss and loss adjustment reserves and development, fair values of certain investments, other assets and liabilities, tax, contingent and other liabilities, and other items. These estimates are subject to change as more information becomes available.

Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We do not undertake any responsibility to update or revise our forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

For a more detailed discussion of our risks and uncertainties, see also Item 1A  Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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