Kartoon Studios, Inc.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the Risk Factors set forth in our 2024 Annual Report.

We must raise additional capital to fund our operations in order to continue as a going concern.

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $7528.5 million and total stockholders equity of $24.0 million. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, the Company we had total current assets of $25.57.1 million, including cash of $2.10.9 million, and restricted cash of $0.5 million, and marketable securities of $0.7 million, and tottotal current liabilities of $30.42.5 million. The Company We had negative working capital of $4.95.4 million as of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, compared to working capital of $1.2 million as of December 31, 2024. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, we were successful in raising net proceeds of $6.6 million in connection with the October Offerings, which closed on October 22, 2025, strengthening our cash position. Management has evaluated the significance of these conditions in relation to the Companysour ability to meet itsour obligations and concluded, that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. In order to address our capital needs, we will need to raise further capital through the sale of equity or debt securities, financing arrangements or by entering into collaborative, strategic, and/or licensing transactions. There can be no assurance that the Company we will be able to complete any such financing, collaborative or strategic transactions in a timely manner or on acceptable terms. If we are unable to improve our liquidity position, we may not be able to continue as a going concern beyond what we completed on October 22, 2025. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to generate revenue and raise additional capital. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in accomplishing these objectives. Without such additional capital, we may be required to curtail or cease operations and be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment.

We have incurred net losses since inception.

We have a history of operating losses and incurred net losses in each fiscal quarter since our inception. During the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2025, we generated total revenues of $10.39.9 million and incurred a net loss of $6.35 million, while for the same period the previous year, we generated total revenue of $8.47 million and incurred a net loss of $5.92.1 million, respectively. During the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2025, we generated total revenues of $19.829.7 million and incurred a net loss of $12.99.4 million, while for the same period the previous year, we generated total revenue of $14.523.2 million and incurred a net loss of $13.05.1 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we generated net revenues of $32.6 million and incurred a net loss attributable to Kartoon Studios Inc. of $20.7 million. These losses, among other things, have had an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, stockholders equity, net current assets and working capital.

We will need to generate additional revenue and/or reduce costs to achieve profitability. We are generating revenues derived from our existing properties, properties in production, and new brands being introduced into the marketplace. However, the ability to sustain these revenues and generate significant additional revenues and reduce our expenses or achieve profitability will depend upon numerous factors some of which are outside of our control.

Changes in U.S. trade policy, including proposed tariffs on foreign-produced content, could adversely impact our business operations, particularly due to our reliance on animation production services based in Canada and Asia.

The U.S. government has indicated its intent to adopt a new approach to trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multilateral trade agreements. It has initiated or is considering the imposition of tariffs on certain foreign goods. Changes in U.S. trade policy could result in one or more U.S. trading partners adopting responsive trade policies, making it more difficult or costly for us to conduct our international and domestic operations. As an example, on May 4, 2025, President Trump announced an intention to impose tariffs on films made outside of the United States. Although our parent company is based in the United States, our primary animation production operations are located in Canada. The scope of the proposed tariffs is not yet finalized and there is a risk that such measures could be extended to include animated content produced internationally. Our business operations, financial condition, and results of operations could be significantly affected by such a measure and the potential expansion of existing tariffs or implementation of new tariffs, trade restrictions, or retaliatory measures by other countries that could disrupt our established operations. This in turn could require us to increase prices to our customers, which may reduce demand, or, if we are unable to increase prices, result in lowering our profit margin on certain services.

We cannot predict future trade policy or the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements and their impact on our business. The adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our services, our costs, our customers, our suppliers, and the U.S. economy, which in turn could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The loss of one or a few significant customers could have a material adverse effect on us.

A few customers have in the past, and may in the future, account for a significant portion of our revenues in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years. During the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2025, we had four customers from which our total revenue exceeded 10% of our total condensed consolidated revenue. These customers collectively accounted for 85.96% of the total revenue. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, we had twofour customers whose total accounts receivable exceeded 10% of the total accounts receivable. These customers accounted for 49.667.5% of the total accounts receivable as of JuneSeptember 30, 2025. The loss of business from a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market upon the expiration of any statutory holding period under Rule 144, or shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, it could create a circumstance commonly referred to as an overhang and, in anticipation of which, the market price of our common stock could fall. The existence of an overhang, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make more difficult our ability to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate. In general, under Rule 144, a non-affiliated person who has held restricted shares of our common stock for a period of six months may sell into the market all of their shares, subject to us being current in our periodic reports filed with the SEC.

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, approximately 45,527,5086,484,165 shares of common stock of the 47,906,5698,913,630 shares of common stock issued are outstanding and freely trading. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, there were 24,1550,943 warrants outstanding. Lastly, as of JuneSeptember 30, 2025, there are 882,313973,980 shares of common stock underlying outstanding options granted, 969,9956,649 shares of common stock underlying outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs) and 11,413,4429,422,971 shares reserved for issuance under our Kartoon Studios, Inc. 2020 Incentive Plan

A shutdown of the U.S. federal government may adversely affect our business.

A recurring shutdown of the U.S. federal government may adversely affect our business operations and regulatory compliance. During such shutdowns, while the SECs EDGAR system remains operational, the unavailability of SEC staff to review filings, issue comments, or declare registration statements effective may delay our ability to complete public offerings, respond to comment letters, or obtain timely regulatory approvals. These delays could impact our access to capital markets, hinder strategic transactions, and create uncertainty around our disclosure obligations. Additionally, the lack of interpretive guidance or exemptive relief during a shutdown may increase legal and compliance risks. There can be no assurance that future shutdowns will not materially affect our operations or financial condition.