VACCINEX, INC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks set forth in this section, and in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the "Annual Report"), and all of the other information set forth in this Report, the Annual Report, and in the other reports we file with the SEC. If any of the risks contained in those reports actually occur, our business, results of operation, financial condition, and liquidity could be harmed, the value of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes from risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. See the discussion of the Companys risk factors under Part I, Item 1A. of the Annual Report.

We are currently not in compliance with the continued listing standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market, and if we are unable to regain compliance, our common stock will be delisted from the exchange.

Our common stock is currently listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol VCNX." The continued listing of our common stock on Nasdaq is subject to our compliance with a number of listing standards, including Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) to maintain a minimum of $2.5 million in stockholders equity (the Equity Standard) or the alternative requirements of having a market value of listed securities of $35 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years (the Alternative Standards). On April 11, 2024, Nasdaq informed us that based on the financial statements contained in our Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2023, the Company is no longer in compliance with the Equity Standard or the Alternative Standards and we may be subject to delisting. The notification letter had no immediate effect on the Companys listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market and the Company timely submitted a plan to regain compliance with the Equity Standard.

On June 5, 2024, Nasdaq notified the Company that it has been provided an extension to regain and evidence compliance with the Equity Standard on or before September 30, 2024. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2024, we had a stockholders' deficit of $2.91.3 million. If tOn October 7, 2024, the Company fails to regain and evidencereceived a letter from the Nasdaq Listing Staff stating that the Company had not regained compliance with the Equity Standard on or before September 30, 2024, r the Alternatives Standards and in its quarterly filing on Form 10-Q followingthat, as a result, unless the Company timely requested an appeal of the compliance periodis determination to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel, Nasdaq will provide notice that ould move to suspend trading of the Companys common stock will be subject to and to have the Companys securities delisting. Ated from that time, te Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company matimely appeal Nasdaq's determinatied the determination, which automatically stayed any suspension or delisting action pending the Hearings Panels decision and the expiration to a of any additional extension period granted by the Hearings Panel. There  following the hearing set for December 5, 2024. As a result, the Companys common stock is expected to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market through at least that time. However, there can be no assurance that the Hearings Panel will grant the Company s request for continued listing or that the Company will be able to regain or maintaindemonstrate compliance with the Equity Standard or the Alternative Standards within any additional compliance period that may be granted by the Hearings Panel.

 A delisting or even notification of failure to comply with such requirements would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In addition, the delisting of our common stock could lead to a number of other negative implications such as a loss of media and analyst coverage, a determination that our common stock is a penny stock which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and likely result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities, and materially adversely impact our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. Delisting from Nasdaq could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by our current or prospective third-party providers and collaboration partners, the loss of institutional investor interest, and fewer licensing and partnering opportunities. In the event of a delisting, we would take actions to restore our compliance with Nasdaqs listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaqs listing requirements.

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If our common stock were no longer listed on Nasdaq, investors might only be able to trade on one of the over-the-counter markets, if at all. There is no assurance that prices for our common stock would be quoted on one of these other trading systems or that an active trading market for our common stock would exist, which would materially and adversely impact the market value of our common stock and your ability to sell our common stock.

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The Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Companys common stock with respect to rights on the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution and winding up.

The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference before our common stockholders equal to the greater of (i) $175,000.00 per share for a total of $1.75 million, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock (the Original Share Price), plus any accrued but unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not declared, together with any other dividends declared but unpaid thereon, or (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series A Preferred Stock been converted into common stock immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution, winding up or Deemed Liquidation Event. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2024, the holder of the shares of Series A preferred stock were entitled to a liquidation preference of $1,750,000,.75 million, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Further, upon the occurrence of Deemed Liquidation Event (generally defined to include certain fundamental transactions involving the Company including a merger or sale of substantially all of the Companys assets) or other liquidation of the Company, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will receive a distribution of the Companys assets per their liquidation preference before any holders of common stock receive a distribution. As a result, in the event of a liquidation of the Company the proceeds received by the common stockholder may be reduced.

Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock will be dilutive to our existing shareholders upon conversion and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

As of JuneSeptember 30, 2024, we had outstanding 10 shares of Series A Preferred Stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $1,750,000.75 million. No shares of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock are convertible before the public announcement by the Company of top-line data from its study SEMA4D Blockade Safety and Brain Metabolic Activity in Alzheimers Disease (AD) (the Data Release). As of June 30, 2024, tThe Data Release hwas not been made and on July 31, 2024, but no shares of Series A Preferred Stock were have to date been convertibleed into shares of common stock. The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock would result in immediate dilution to existing holders of our common stock.

The Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation may be able to sell shares of our common stock in the public market, which may cause the market price of our common stock to decrease, and therefore make it more difficult to raise equity financing or issue equity as consideration in an acquisition.

Our registration rights agreement with the Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation requires us to register all shares of common stock held by the Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock and upon the exercise of certain warrants issued in connection with the Series A Preferred Stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The registration rights for the Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation allows it to sell its shares without compliance with the volume and manner of sale limitations under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and facilitates the resale of such securities into the public market. The market value of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by the Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation from time to time. In particular, the future sale of a substantial number of the shares of our common stock by the Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation within a short period of time, or the perception that such sale might occur, could cause our stock price to decrease, make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future offerings of our common stock or acquire other businesses in the future using our common stock as consideration for the purchase price.

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